Protocol is a logical details of message formats and the rules that all the machines must follow to exchange the data and information.
Why there is a need of protocols?
We need protocols in every situation because when someone wants to share his or her ideas on the global internet it should follow some rules and instructions.
Every time when we want to store our simple or confidential data on the memory, we don’t need a protocol unless the memory disk is located on a network file server.
For example consider the NFS(Network File System) Protocol. When we write to a file, it is performed with an NFS operation, that uses another protocol to perform a function call on remote host, that uses another protocol to deliver it to another remote host, that uses another protocol to deliver a datagram on an Ethernet, and so on.
Types of Protocols:
These are different types of protocols as given below –
1. HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is an application level protocol with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed , collaborative , hypermedia information systems. The HTTP has various request methods which allow users to read a web page, or to read a web page’s header, or to append to a named resource, or to remove the web page or to connect two existing resources or to break an existing connection between two resources.
2. FTP(File Transfer Protocol):
One of the original services on the internet was designed to allow for transferring files from one system to another. It goes just by the name ftp which stands for file transfer protocol.
FTP is not just the name of the protocol. It also the name of the program or command. Issue the command by typing ftp followed ny the address of another site, and press enter.
3. TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
TCP/IP is an layered set of protocols. In order to understand what it means, It is useful to take an example.
A typical situation is sending a mail. First, there is a protocol for mail. This defines a set of commands which one machine sends to another, e.g., commands to specify who the sender of the message is, who it is being sent to, and then the text of the message.
Generally, TCP/IP applications use three layers. It is a protocol such as TCP that provides services need by many applicants. IP provides the basic service of getting datagram to their destination.
4. SLIP/PPP(Serial Line Internet Protocol/Internet Protocol):
There is no support for dynamic address assignment, link testing, or multiplexing different protocols over a single link. PPP is a layered protocol, starting with a Link Control Protocol (LCP) for link establishment, configuration and testing.