1. Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming is based on structured programming. It has procedures which are sequences of computational steps. These procedures can be called at various points during program execution.
Languages used in Procedural Programming: BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, ALGOL, COBOL and C.
2. Object-Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming is based on objects. Objects have data (attributes) and code (methods). programs are designed with objects interacting with the real world. Most object-oriented programming languages are class-based where objects are instances of classes.
Languages used in Object-Oriented Programming: Java, C++, C#, Python, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala. PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl,
Procedural Programming vs Object-Oriented Programming
Below are some of the differences between object-oriented and procedural programming :
| Aspect | Procedural Programming | Object-Oriented Programming |
|---|---|---|
| Program Structure | Divided into functions | Divided into objects |
| Programming Approach | Top-down approach | Bottom-up approach |
| Access Control | No access specifier | Has access specifiers like private, public, protected, etc. |
| Adding Data and Functions | Not easy to add | Easy to add |
| Data Security | Less secure | More secure |
| Function Overloading | Not possible | Possible |
| Data Hiding and Inheritance | Not used | Used |
| Data vs. Function Importance | Function is more important than data | Data is more important than function |
| Real-World vs. Unreal-World | Based on the unreal world | Based on the real world |
| Program Scope | Medium-sized programs | Large and complex programs |
| Abstraction Concept | Procedure abstraction | Data abstraction |
| Code Reusability | Absent | Present |
| Examples | C, FORTRAN, Pascal, Basic, etc. | C++, Java, Python, C#, etc. |
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