Differences between Procedural and Object Oriented Programming

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1. Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming is based on structured programming. It has procedures which are sequences of computational steps. These procedures can be called at various points during program execution.

Languages used in Procedural Programming: BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, ALGOL, COBOL and C.

2. Object-Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming is based on objects. Objects have data (attributes) and code (methods). programs are designed with objects interacting with the real world. Most object-oriented programming languages are class-based where objects are instances of classes.

Languages used in Object-Oriented Programming: Java, C++, C#, Python, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala. PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl,

Procedural Programming vs Object-Oriented Programming
Below are some of the differences between object-oriented and procedural programming :

Aspect Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming
Program Structure Divided into functions Divided into objects
Programming Approach Top-down approach Bottom-up approach
Access Control No access specifier Has access specifiers like private, public, protected, etc.
Adding Data and Functions Not easy to add Easy to add
Data Security Less secure More secure
Function Overloading Not possible Possible
Data Hiding and Inheritance Not used Used
Data vs. Function Importance Function is more important than data Data is more important than function
Real-World vs. Unreal-World Based on the unreal world Based on the real world
Program Scope Medium-sized programs Large and complex programs
Abstraction Concept Procedure abstraction Data abstraction
Code Reusability Absent Present
Examples C, FORTRAN, Pascal, Basic, etc. C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.

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Mithlesh Upadhyay Published 31 Oct, 2023 · 2 min read

Mithlesh Upadhyay is a Computer Science and AI expert from Madhya Pradesh with strong academic background (BE in CSE and M.Tech in AI) and over six years of experience in technical content development. He has contributed tech articles, led teams, and worked in Full Stack Development and Data Science. He founded the w3colleges.org portal for learning resources.

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